U.S. Constitution
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Title: A License for Outrageous Police Conduct
Source:
Reason
URL Source: https://reason.com/2019/09/25/a-lic ... for-outrageous-police-conduct/
Published: Sep 25, 2019
Author: Jacob Sullum
Post Date: 2019-09-25 05:38:59 by Deckard
Keywords: None
Views: 992
Comments: 4
Qualified immunity protects cops from liability for actions that would land ordinary people in jail.
When a police officer illegally arrests a photographer for taking pictures, can she be sued for violating the Fourth Amendment's ban on "unreasonable searches and seizures"? Yes, a federal appeals court ruled last week.
When police officers steal cash and property worth more than $225,000 while executing a search warrant, can they be sued for violating the owners' Fourth Amendment rights? No, a different federal appeals court ruled earlier this month.
Welcome to the weird world of qualified immunity, which protects government officials from liability for outrageous conduct if a court determines that the rights they allegedly violated were not "clearly established" at the time. Exactly what that means is fuzzy, but it's undeniable that qualified immunity lets cops off the hook for actions that would land ordinary people in jail.
In the false arrest case, Stephanie Branch, a police officer who works for Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART), charged freelance photographer Avi Adelman with trespassing at a train station, even though DART policy allowed him to take pictures there. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit ruled that "no reasonable officer under these circumstances would conclude that she had authority to eject a person complying with DART policies from public property—and then arrest that person for criminal trespass when he failed to depart."
In the case of the purloined property, suspects in an illegal gambling investigation alleged that Fresno, California, police officers seized $151,380 in cash and $125,000 in rare coins but reported only $50,000 of it, pocketing the rest. "Although the City Officers ought to have recognized that the alleged theft of Appellants' money and rare coins was morally wrong," the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit ruled, "they did not have clear notice that it violated the Fourth Amendment."
Courts in other cases have approved qualified immunity for cops who allegedly shot people without cause, sicced a dog on a man who was surrendering, tased a driver who was stopped for failing to buckle his seat belt, and ordered a 17-year-old boy to disrobe and masturbate so they could take pictures of his erect penis. Fifth Circuit Judge Don Willett, who was part of the panel that ruled against Officer Branch, observes that "qualified immunity smacks of unqualified impunity, letting public officials duck consequences for bad behavior—no matter how palpably unreasonable—as long as they were the first to behave badly."
Worse, Willett noted in a 2018 case, courts often rule that a right allegedly violated by police was not "clearly established" without deciding whether their actions were unconstitutional. That approach creates a "Catch-22," he said, because "plaintiffs must produce precedent even as fewer courts are producing precedent," and "important constitutional questions go unanswered precisely because those questions are yet unanswered."
University of Chicago law professor William Baude argues that qualified immunity, which the Supreme Court invented in 1982, is "unlawful," with "shoddy foundations" in common law. Baude notes that the Court seems keen to accept cases involving qualified immunity and almost always rules in favor of police officers, encouraging lower courts to shield cops from liability under a federal law that allows people to sue them for constitutional violations.
The Court's application of qualified immunity, Justice Sonia Sotomayor observed in a 2018 dissent joined by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, "tells officers that they can shoot first and think later." Justice Clarence Thomas, who does not agree with Sotomayor and Ginsburg about much else, also has urged his colleagues to reconsider the Court's approach to qualified immunity.
Based on an analysis of nearly 1,200 federal civil rights cases and a survey of about 100 lawyers practicing in this area, UCLA law professor Joanna Schwartz concludes that abolishing qualified immunity would make litigation less costly, complicated, and time-consuming for both sides. Most important, she says, it would stop courts from sending "the troubling message to government officials that they can violate the law with impunity."
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The above incident happened last year on my turf at the Jersey shore just last year.
The Boardwalk Fuzz threatened a couple for "video taping" BECAUSE they were flying a banner, giving info on Flat Earth.
HA! Great exchange. (Hmmm....WAS it me??)
#2. To: Liberator (#1)
The Boardwalk Fuzz threatened a couple for "video taping" BECAUSE they were flying a banner, giving info on Flat Earth.
No free speech for "conspiracy theorists" I guess. I bet if you flew a rainbow alphabet people flag you would have been left alone.
HA! Great exchange. (Hmmm....WAS it me??)
I wouldn't be surprised. LOL
If it was - great job asserting your 1st amendment rights. Bravo!
Government is in the last resort the employment of armed men, of policemen, gendarmes, soldiers, prison guards, and hangmen.
The essential feature of government is the enforcement of its decrees by beating, killing, and imprisoning.
Those who are asking for more government interference are asking ultimately for more compulsion and less freedom.
#3. To: Deckard (#2)
No free speech for "conspiracy theorists" I guess. I bet if you flew a rainbow alphabet people flag you would have been left alone.
Exactamundo.
#4. To: Deckard (#0)
Qualified immunity protects cops from liability for actions that would land ordinary people in jail.
Fucknuts is full of shit. Again.
Black's Law Dictionary, 6th Ed.
Qualified immunity. Affirmative defense which shields public officials performing discretionary functions from civil damages if their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which reasonable person would have known. Lowe v. Letsinger, C.A.Ind., 772 F.2d 308.
Qualified immunity shields public officials from civil damages if their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which reasonable person would have known.
It provides no shield whatever for criminal misconduct, nor for actions which fall outside their job parameters.
Nobody goes to jail for a civil offense. Qualified immunity has nothinng whatever to do with criminal misconduct.
When police officers steal cash and property worth more than $225,000 while executing a search warrant, can they be sued for violating the owners' Fourth Amendment rights? No, a different federal appeals court ruled earlier this month.
Fucknuts fucked up, again.
There is no Fourth Amendment protection from the crime of stealing which did not violate the federal Constitution. Not all conduct that is improper or morally wrong violates the Constitution. Assuming they could prove stealing, they can take their case to State court.
We recognize that the allegation of any theft by police officers—most certainly the theft of over $225,000—is deeply disturbing. Whether that conduct violates the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures, however, would not “be ‘clear to a reasonable officer.’” Id. at 454 (quoting Brosseau v. Haugen, 543 U.S. 194, 199 (2004) (per curiam)).2Appellants have failed to show that it was clearly established that the City Officers’ alleged conduct violated the Fourth Amendment. Accordingly, we hold that the City Officers are protected by qualified immunity against Appellants’ Fourth Amendment claim.
II. Fourteenth Amendment
Appellants’ Fourteenth Amendment claim suffers the same fate. Appellants argue that the City Officers’ theft of their property violated their substantive due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Assuming that to be true, however, the City Officers are entitled to qualified immunity because that right was not clearly established. We have not held that officers violate the substantive due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment when they steal property seized pursuant to a warrant. The Seventh Circuit is the only
CONCLUSION
We sympathize with Appellants. They allege the theft of their personal property by police officers sworn to uphold the law. If the City Officers committed the acts alleged, their actions were morally reprehensible. Not all conduct that is improper or morally wrong, however, violates the Constitution. Because Appellants did not have a clearly established Fourth or Fourteenth Amendment right to be free from the theft of property seized pursuant to a warrant, the City Officers are entitled to qualified immunity.
AFFIRMED.
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